Tuesday, August 17, 2010
Saturday, August 14, 2010
Friday, August 13, 2010
What's Different About Taildraggers?
What makes a taildragger different from an airplane with tricycle gear? There really is only one simple difference. The center of gravity is forward of the main gear on the tricycle gear airplane and behind the main gear of the taildragger. This one little difference accounts for some pretty significant differences in the way the airplanes behave while on the ground and during takeoff and landing.
Taxiing
The first difference you would notice comes during taxiing. Since the center of gravity is behind the taildragger's main landing gear, the airplane does not want to go straight. The tail wants to come around and go in front of you because the center of gravity is pushing from behind. When you push something, it's tricky to keep it going straight. Since the tricycle gear airplane's center of gravity is forward of the main landing gear, it acts to pull the airplane behind it. When you pull something, it comes along nice and straight behind you.
A good analogy can be made with one of those carry-on pieces of luggage everyone seems to have these days with two wheels on it and a pull out handle. If you pull it behind you it rolls straight along. This is the principle of the tricycle gear airplane at work. If you try to push it out in front of you, the principles of the taildragger are at hand and it's a different animal. You really have to pay attention and be quick to keep it out there in front of you. It constantly wants to go to either side and swing around behind you. The further off-center you let it get, the more difficult it is to get it straight again. If you let it get too far off center it's too late. It's sideways and you cannot get it back in front of you. If you have a piece of luggage like this, give it a try. You will get an excellent feel of the forces affecting the ground handling of a taildragger.
This is really the exact same physics at work as trying to balance a baseball bat standing straight up on the palm of your hand, with the grip end up in the air. It's not quite that quick in the airplane because most taildraggers have a much wider wheelbase to length ratio than a baseball bat. The taildragger's center of gravity is much closer to its main gear than the baseball bat's is to its tip, but this analogy really brings the point home. As long as you pay attention you can keep that bat balanced up there, but let your attention wonder just for a moment and the bat might start to fall. More than likely it will get too far over to save. You will soon run out of arm movement necessary to get back under the balance point, which would be like running out of brake power, rudder, and runway in the taildragger.
Takeoff
The next difference you will notice comes during takeoff. With a tricycle gear airplane, you accelerate down the runway, the airplane pretty much rolling straight on its own, until you reach a desired speed, at which time you simply pull back on the wheel and lift off. Takeoffs in a taildragger require a lot more work. Predominantly, right rudder will be required to keep the airplane rolling straight down the runway, but constant rudder corrections are necessary to keep it rolling absolutely straight. With the tailwheel on the ground, most taildraggers are rolling down the runway right at the stall angle of attack. This is by design for landing purposes. The normal takeoff procedure is to raise the tail just a little to the proper angle of attack for the airplane to fly itself off the ground. When the tail comes up, you lose the traction of the tailwheel, so a little more right rudder is required to keep it going straight. Also, there is a law of physics that says when the plane of a gyro is tilted, it reacts with an opposite force 90 degrees in the direction of rotation. Well, it turns out that the propeller is a pretty good gyro. When the tail comes up, you are tilting the plane of the propeller. The force you are applying is the equivalent of pushing at the top of the propeller arc from behind. Since the propeller is rotating clockwise when viewed from behind, the gyroscopic reaction comes as if it were pushing on the airplane's right side of the propeller arc. This tends to turn the airplane to its left while the tail is actually moving up. So, while the tail is moving up, an extra dose of right rudder is required. A good taildragger pilot leads with a little extra right rudder an instant before the tail starts up to keep the nose aligned perfectly straight, rather than waiting for it to start left and then apply the correction. Also know that the more horsepower the engine has, the stronger this gyroscopic reaction is, as well as torque, so more right rudder will be required. In some really powerful airplanes, you would not have enough rudder to counteract these forces, so power is carefully applied and increased thought the takeoff roll so you don't run out of rudder. Once you get the tail up and stopped at the desired pitch attitude, you're in pretty good shape. The airplane is picking up significant speed now, so the rudder is becoming very effective. The P-factor is also reduced with your now lower angle of attack. You still have to pay full attention straight ahead and use the rudders to keep the airplane going straight, especially in a crosswind. Soon, the airplane lifts itself gracefully off the ground. Many people get the tail too high on the takeoff roll and then pull back on the yoke to lift off. It's better to learn the right attitude for your airplane so it flies itself off under normal conditions. This allows you to look straight down the runway and ignore the airspeed indicator so you can keep the airplane straight.
Landing
The final difference you will notice comes during landing. This is probably where the difference seems most significant. First, there are the stability issues discussed above that begin during taxi. These issues have not gone away! When the airplane touches down, it must be going perfectly straight down the runway and its longitudinal axis perfectly aligned with the runway. In other words, no drift or crab (which really are the same thing). Second, at the moment of touchdown, since the center of gravity is behind the main landing gear, it's downward inertia pulls the tail down, thus increasing the angle of attack so the airplane becomes airborne again, or seems to bounce. There are two ways to deal with this. The first is to make sure the tailwheel touches at the same time, or a few inches before the main wheels. This is loosely called a full-stall or three-point landing (there is actually a difference between the full-stall and three-point landing which is discussed in more detail on the landing page). The second is to make a wheel landing, which is where you make your touchdown on the main wheels as smoothly as possible so the center of gravity has little downward inertia. You also anticipate the moment the main wheels touch and push forward a little on the yoke/stick to �stick� it on. You can really push the nose over and actually obtain a zero or slightly negative angle of attack with the wings so you're really �stuck� down to the ground. Both these landing techniques are discussed in much more detail on the landing page.
The merits of wheel landings verses full-stall/three-point landings in a crosswind are discussed in our great debate. Please visit that page and add your comments.
for more informaiton: http://www.taildraggers.com/Documentation.aspxTYPES OF AIRPLANE LANDING GEARS
A Single Wheel
Some aircraft have only a single tire. Gliders are the most common example of single wheel planes. The pilot must balance a glider on the single wheel during takeoff and landing.
Two wheels
Airplanes called "tail draggers" have two main landing gear and a little wheel or skid on very rear portion of the plane. Tail draggers are steered on the ground with the rudder and require some very specific flying skills when taking off and landing. The infamous "ground loop" happens to the inattentive tail dragger pilot.
Three wheels
The modern landing gear style is the tricycle with two main landing gear and a nose gear. The steerable nose gear makes the tricycle geared airplane easier to steer on the ground. Takeoff and landing with the tricycle style gear is easier to learn than with the tail-dragger. A ground loop is not possible with this style of gear.
Retraction
An airplane's landing gear is either fixed or retractable. Retractable landing gear increases performance and fuel economy by reducing airflow drag. It also ads cost and complexity. A pilot who is switching from fixed gear to retractable needs to make certain to remember to lower the gear before landing.
Some aircraft have only a single tire. Gliders are the most common example of single wheel planes. The pilot must balance a glider on the single wheel during takeoff and landing.
Two wheels
Airplanes called "tail draggers" have two main landing gear and a little wheel or skid on very rear portion of the plane. Tail draggers are steered on the ground with the rudder and require some very specific flying skills when taking off and landing. The infamous "ground loop" happens to the inattentive tail dragger pilot.
Three wheels
The modern landing gear style is the tricycle with two main landing gear and a nose gear. The steerable nose gear makes the tricycle geared airplane easier to steer on the ground. Takeoff and landing with the tricycle style gear is easier to learn than with the tail-dragger. A ground loop is not possible with this style of gear.
Retraction
An airplane's landing gear is either fixed or retractable. Retractable landing gear increases performance and fuel economy by reducing airflow drag. It also ads cost and complexity. A pilot who is switching from fixed gear to retractable needs to make certain to remember to lower the gear before landing.
AIRPLANE VEERED OF THE RUNWAY AT ATATURK AIRPORT
The plane which is belonged to Azerbaijan Airlines and making expedition between Baku-Istanbul, veered of the runway at Ataturk Airport when it was landing.The plane type is A319 and its fuselage,motors and landing gears were broken after accident. According to latest information,after landing, pilot could not stop the airplane at the time of going from pist to apron whereupon the plane was veered of the runway and slide on the soil floor.
Approximately 10 meters getting on the soilfloor airplane was deplaned and carried to the terminal. State Airports Administration started a operation due to moving the airplane from whereabouts.
There are nobody with wounded or died after incident.
The runway was operated after the incident area was cleared.
Approximately 10 meters getting on the soilfloor airplane was deplaned and carried to the terminal. State Airports Administration started a operation due to moving the airplane from whereabouts.
There are nobody with wounded or died after incident.
The runway was operated after the incident area was cleared.
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Harare Airport Plane Accident
An aircraft has been involved in an accident at Zimbabwe's Harare International Airport, a Zimbabwe aviation official say.
The head of Zimbabwe's Civil Aviation Authority, David Chawota, told Reuters news agency there had been "injuries, no deaths".
However, there are conflicting reports saying that the incident was part of a safety drill.
Witnesses said several ambulances were seen heading towards the airport.
AFP news agency is reporting the plane involved was a Boeing 767 flying from London.
The BBC's Brian Hungwe said as he arrived at the airport he could see smoke from its eastern perimeter.
But he said the situation was not clear.
"We are trying to establish what has caused the accident," Mr Chawota told AFP.
For more information: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-10879353
The head of Zimbabwe's Civil Aviation Authority, David Chawota, told Reuters news agency there had been "injuries, no deaths".
However, there are conflicting reports saying that the incident was part of a safety drill.
Witnesses said several ambulances were seen heading towards the airport.
AFP news agency is reporting the plane involved was a Boeing 767 flying from London.
The BBC's Brian Hungwe said as he arrived at the airport he could see smoke from its eastern perimeter.
But he said the situation was not clear.
"We are trying to establish what has caused the accident," Mr Chawota told AFP.
For more information: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-10879353
Tuesday, August 3, 2010
RADAR ALTIMETER
We are going to elaborate on principles of radar altimeters.Let's start.
Radar altimeter is a device which compute the altitude of airplane by using the radio wave.It mesausures the time differences between sending radio wave to the earth and echoing back to the airplane whereupon it takes the time and indicates the altitude of aircraft by using the sound velocity.
Transmitters and receivers are located on fuselage or under the wing.There are two types of altimeter,one of them is High Radio Altimeter and the other is Low Altitude Radio Altimeter.High Radio Altimeters are used for cruise.Going and coming signal times are measured,altitude is found by using h=c*t/2 formula eventually.Error margin is -+50ft.As we said the other types of altimeter are Low Altitude Radio Altimeters that are used generally for instrument landings.Coming and going signal times are compared and measured by shock.Operation frequency is between 4200-4400.Capability of transmitter is 0.5 W and its range is 2500ft.Error margin is -+2ft between 0-500ft altitude and +-%5 of its altitude between 500-2500ft.As you see,Low Radio Altimeters are more sensitive than High Altitude Altimeters.
Radar altimeter is a device which compute the altitude of airplane by using the radio wave.It mesausures the time differences between sending radio wave to the earth and echoing back to the airplane whereupon it takes the time and indicates the altitude of aircraft by using the sound velocity.
Transmitters and receivers are located on fuselage or under the wing.There are two types of altimeter,one of them is High Radio Altimeter and the other is Low Altitude Radio Altimeter.High Radio Altimeters are used for cruise.Going and coming signal times are measured,altitude is found by using h=c*t/2 formula eventually.Error margin is -+50ft.As we said the other types of altimeter are Low Altitude Radio Altimeters that are used generally for instrument landings.Coming and going signal times are compared and measured by shock.Operation frequency is between 4200-4400.Capability of transmitter is 0.5 W and its range is 2500ft.Error margin is -+2ft between 0-500ft altitude and +-%5 of its altitude between 500-2500ft.As you see,Low Radio Altimeters are more sensitive than High Altitude Altimeters.
Monday, August 2, 2010
Plane Crashes in Alaskan National Park
A large cargo-type plane crashed in Alaska Sunday and burst into a deadly fireball that sparked a forest fire at Denali National Park, officials said.
Park spokeswoman Kris Fister said there were fatalities, but it's unclear how many because "the plane pretty much disintegrated."
The fire was challenging responders, who did not immediately know who owns the multiengine aircraft. The plane went down near the park's eastern edge at 3:15 p.m., about 100 yards off the only major road in the park.
No missing planes were immediately reported and military officials have said none of their planes were involved.
Clint Johnson with the National Transportation Safety Board said there are a number of large transport planes operating in Alaska. The NTSB was expected to arrive on scene Monday morning.
'Big ball of flame'
Anchorage resident Jeff Kowalczyk, who witnessed the crash, said the crash site was "a big ball of flame," NBC affiliate KTUU-TV reported.
"We looked back and it started banking to the pilot's left, kept banking more and more until it was upside-down and crashed in the hill right in back of us," Kowalczyk said
"We walked around the perimeter, took about a half-hour for the park rangers to show up and help out — but we saw one body, one body burned pretty bad, pilot probably," he added.
George Clare, of Las Vegas, said he saw the plane flying very low and slowly while he was walking toward the visitor's center near the park entrance. He thought the plane was going to land on a local airstrip, so he proceeded to the visitor's center. Within minutes, people came running in and saying a plane had crashed.
He said the crash caused a column of smoke a few miles west of the visitor's center.
Clare said the aircraft looked like a military plane to him.
"It was a military khaki green kind of color," he said. "It was propeller-driven. It was a fixed wing aircraft and it had kind of a flat underbelly."
Doug Stockdale with the Alaska Fire Service said the fire was initially estimated at two acres but could have grown larger. Smokejumper fire crews were flown to the scene, he said.
The crash happened just four days after a military cargo plane crashed at Elmendorf Air Force Base in Anchorage, killing four people onboard.
The four airmen were on a training mission Wednesday evening for a weekend air show at the Air Force base, which wrapped up Sunday. The C-17 crashed about a minute after taking off.
For more information: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/38517169/ns/us_news/
Park spokeswoman Kris Fister said there were fatalities, but it's unclear how many because "the plane pretty much disintegrated."
The fire was challenging responders, who did not immediately know who owns the multiengine aircraft. The plane went down near the park's eastern edge at 3:15 p.m., about 100 yards off the only major road in the park.
No missing planes were immediately reported and military officials have said none of their planes were involved.
Clint Johnson with the National Transportation Safety Board said there are a number of large transport planes operating in Alaska. The NTSB was expected to arrive on scene Monday morning.
'Big ball of flame'
Anchorage resident Jeff Kowalczyk, who witnessed the crash, said the crash site was "a big ball of flame," NBC affiliate KTUU-TV reported.
"We looked back and it started banking to the pilot's left, kept banking more and more until it was upside-down and crashed in the hill right in back of us," Kowalczyk said
"We walked around the perimeter, took about a half-hour for the park rangers to show up and help out — but we saw one body, one body burned pretty bad, pilot probably," he added.
George Clare, of Las Vegas, said he saw the plane flying very low and slowly while he was walking toward the visitor's center near the park entrance. He thought the plane was going to land on a local airstrip, so he proceeded to the visitor's center. Within minutes, people came running in and saying a plane had crashed.
He said the crash caused a column of smoke a few miles west of the visitor's center.
Clare said the aircraft looked like a military plane to him.
"It was a military khaki green kind of color," he said. "It was propeller-driven. It was a fixed wing aircraft and it had kind of a flat underbelly."
Doug Stockdale with the Alaska Fire Service said the fire was initially estimated at two acres but could have grown larger. Smokejumper fire crews were flown to the scene, he said.
The crash happened just four days after a military cargo plane crashed at Elmendorf Air Force Base in Anchorage, killing four people onboard.
The four airmen were on a training mission Wednesday evening for a weekend air show at the Air Force base, which wrapped up Sunday. The C-17 crashed about a minute after taking off.
For more information: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/38517169/ns/us_news/
Friday, July 30, 2010
FRESH AIRPORT AMENITIES
Excited about your summer vacation but dreading the part of the trip where you rush to the airport, wait in line, have your stuff pawed through and then end up just hanging around? There’s no need to sit by the gate and twiddle your thumbs, especially if you find yourself at one of the many airports offering fresh new amenities or special summer programs. Here’s a roundup of what’s in store:
What’s new?
Just in time for summer, Philadelphia International Airport announced that wireless Internet access, once free only on weekends, is now free all the time. The airport also opened a Passenger Chillin’ Zone with sofas, tables, chairs, ottomans and foliage (Gate D-3) and kicked off a summer-long Just Plane Fun program with live music, appearances by mascots from local sports teams, contests and other activities. You can see the daily events listing on the airport's website.
From now through the end of August, Miami International Airport is throwing weekend (Friday, Saturday and Sunday) parties with a different theme each week. This weekend’s theme is Havana Nights and will include domino tables, mojitos, a DJ, rumba dancing and cigar rolling.
At Los Angeles International Airport, passengers are once again welcome to visit the outdoor observation deck on top of the space-age landmark Theme Building in the center of the airport. Closed since 9/11, and during the building’s $12.3 million renovation and earthquake retrofit, the viewing deck is now open weekends, from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., with free telescopes offering great views of arriving and departing aircraft, the airport grounds and the surrounding area.
Outagamie County Regional Airport
It's an experience getting a snack from this machine at the Outagamie County Regional Airport (ATW) in Appleton, Wis.Fans of Pink’s, an iconic Hollywood hot dog stand, are also celebrating the opening of a branch of this popular eatery in the pre-security food court at the Tom Bradley International Terminal at LAX. On the menu: a special LAX International Dog, chosen from among dozens of “recipes” submitted by airport employees.
The big attraction at Outagamie County Regional Airport in Appleton, Wis., this summer isn’t hot dogs, but candy. A giant purple machine with flashing lights is hard to ignore as it draws crowds and dispenses customized cups of brightly colored, mixed candy. Located pre-security, the Willy Wonka candy machine is one of 25 such machines in the country (there’s one at the Mall of America) and is currently the only one at an airport.
Passengers had so much fun at Vancouver International Airport during the 2010 Winter Games that officials decided to try to re-create what the airport authority’s Christopher Gilliland describes as “that magical and engaging experience.” So during Take-off Fridays this summer you’ll find a day-long festival in the Domestic Terminal complete with face painting, DJs spinning music, prize drawings, meal specials and free samples (look for the chocolate) from a variety of airport shops.
Fridays are also when San Francisco International Airport is presenting the summer season of the You are Hear live music series. Performances will take place each Friday through August 28 between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. at three different stages in the airport. This week the lineup includes Quinteto Latino in the International Terminal, Lavay Smith & The Red Hot Skillet Lickers in the United hub and, in Terminal 1, Threeocracy. Click here for the full season schedule.
More airport amenities for you — and your pet
This summer you’ll also find new shops and restaurants opening at many airports. Healthy eaters will be pleased to find a branch of the quick-serve UFood Grill now open at Cleveland-Hopkins International Airport. UFood also has outlets at Dallas-Fort Worth and Boston Logan airports, while General Mitchell International Airport in Milwaukee now has a new branch of the French Meadow Bakery, a Minneapolis chain offering vegan and organic fare. (French Meadow Bakery is also at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport.)
Thanks to a new Department of Transportation rule, pets and their owners are getting new perks at airports in the form of safe, fenced, and, in many cases, nicely landscaped pet relief areas outside most every terminal . Dulles International Airport opened its outdoor pet parks last summer but recently added two indoor ones as well, with a third under construction.
Many airports also have fresh new art. Befitting its location in California’s Silicon Valley, the new Terminal B at Mineta San Jose International Airport is home to more than a dozen pieces of interactive, high-tech art, including a fish tank that watches you and a 26-foot-tall “Space Observer” with propellers on its arms and cameras in its antennae. New York’s Albany International Airport recently opened “The Imaged Word,” a six-month exhibition featuring the work of 11 regional artists that includes an 8-foot-tall arched column of books. And at Fresno Yosemite International Airport, where the lobby “forest” includes a walk-through giant Sequoia tree, finishing touches are being put on display cases to show off digital photographs from around the world sent in by passengers.
Do your homework
If your summer travels don’t take you to or through any of these airports, don’t worry. Airports everywhere seem to be beefing up creature comforts in hopes of making your time in the terminals as pleasant as can be. To take advantage of it all, check your airport’s website and follow the advice laid out in my Well-Mannered Traveler’s Guide to Summer Air Travel . That way, any time you spend stuck at the airport this summer can be entertaining and stress-free.
Harriet Baskas is a frequent contributor to msnbc.com, authors the “Stuck at the Airport” blog and is a columnist for USATODAY.com. You can follow her on Twitter .
it is quoted from :
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/38450555/ns/travel-travel_tips/
What’s new?
Just in time for summer, Philadelphia International Airport announced that wireless Internet access, once free only on weekends, is now free all the time. The airport also opened a Passenger Chillin’ Zone with sofas, tables, chairs, ottomans and foliage (Gate D-3) and kicked off a summer-long Just Plane Fun program with live music, appearances by mascots from local sports teams, contests and other activities. You can see the daily events listing on the airport's website.
From now through the end of August, Miami International Airport is throwing weekend (Friday, Saturday and Sunday) parties with a different theme each week. This weekend’s theme is Havana Nights and will include domino tables, mojitos, a DJ, rumba dancing and cigar rolling.
At Los Angeles International Airport, passengers are once again welcome to visit the outdoor observation deck on top of the space-age landmark Theme Building in the center of the airport. Closed since 9/11, and during the building’s $12.3 million renovation and earthquake retrofit, the viewing deck is now open weekends, from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., with free telescopes offering great views of arriving and departing aircraft, the airport grounds and the surrounding area.
Outagamie County Regional Airport
It's an experience getting a snack from this machine at the Outagamie County Regional Airport (ATW) in Appleton, Wis.Fans of Pink’s, an iconic Hollywood hot dog stand, are also celebrating the opening of a branch of this popular eatery in the pre-security food court at the Tom Bradley International Terminal at LAX. On the menu: a special LAX International Dog, chosen from among dozens of “recipes” submitted by airport employees.
The big attraction at Outagamie County Regional Airport in Appleton, Wis., this summer isn’t hot dogs, but candy. A giant purple machine with flashing lights is hard to ignore as it draws crowds and dispenses customized cups of brightly colored, mixed candy. Located pre-security, the Willy Wonka candy machine is one of 25 such machines in the country (there’s one at the Mall of America) and is currently the only one at an airport.
Passengers had so much fun at Vancouver International Airport during the 2010 Winter Games that officials decided to try to re-create what the airport authority’s Christopher Gilliland describes as “that magical and engaging experience.” So during Take-off Fridays this summer you’ll find a day-long festival in the Domestic Terminal complete with face painting, DJs spinning music, prize drawings, meal specials and free samples (look for the chocolate) from a variety of airport shops.
Fridays are also when San Francisco International Airport is presenting the summer season of the You are Hear live music series. Performances will take place each Friday through August 28 between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. at three different stages in the airport. This week the lineup includes Quinteto Latino in the International Terminal, Lavay Smith & The Red Hot Skillet Lickers in the United hub and, in Terminal 1, Threeocracy. Click here for the full season schedule.
More airport amenities for you — and your pet
This summer you’ll also find new shops and restaurants opening at many airports. Healthy eaters will be pleased to find a branch of the quick-serve UFood Grill now open at Cleveland-Hopkins International Airport. UFood also has outlets at Dallas-Fort Worth and Boston Logan airports, while General Mitchell International Airport in Milwaukee now has a new branch of the French Meadow Bakery, a Minneapolis chain offering vegan and organic fare. (French Meadow Bakery is also at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport.)
Thanks to a new Department of Transportation rule, pets and their owners are getting new perks at airports in the form of safe, fenced, and, in many cases, nicely landscaped pet relief areas outside most every terminal . Dulles International Airport opened its outdoor pet parks last summer but recently added two indoor ones as well, with a third under construction.
Many airports also have fresh new art. Befitting its location in California’s Silicon Valley, the new Terminal B at Mineta San Jose International Airport is home to more than a dozen pieces of interactive, high-tech art, including a fish tank that watches you and a 26-foot-tall “Space Observer” with propellers on its arms and cameras in its antennae. New York’s Albany International Airport recently opened “The Imaged Word,” a six-month exhibition featuring the work of 11 regional artists that includes an 8-foot-tall arched column of books. And at Fresno Yosemite International Airport, where the lobby “forest” includes a walk-through giant Sequoia tree, finishing touches are being put on display cases to show off digital photographs from around the world sent in by passengers.
Do your homework
If your summer travels don’t take you to or through any of these airports, don’t worry. Airports everywhere seem to be beefing up creature comforts in hopes of making your time in the terminals as pleasant as can be. To take advantage of it all, check your airport’s website and follow the advice laid out in my Well-Mannered Traveler’s Guide to Summer Air Travel . That way, any time you spend stuck at the airport this summer can be entertaining and stress-free.
Harriet Baskas is a frequent contributor to msnbc.com, authors the “Stuck at the Airport” blog and is a columnist for USATODAY.com. You can follow her on Twitter .
it is quoted from :
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/38450555/ns/travel-travel_tips/
AIRCRAFT CANOPY
I want to define some specialty of aircraft canopy this day.
Canopy is a material that covers the cocpit ,many of its type is transparent.Canopy is served as protecting and isolating pilots from noise and meteoroligical effects.It increase the vision of pilot and decrease the drag because of that it is preferred by acrobatics planes and battle planes.
Pilots are covered by canopy appropriately so that baloon canopy is started to use in order to contribute pilots vision after World War Two.
This definition which is canopy do not use to define big planes' windows or cocpit windows.
For more information :
Canopy is a material that covers the cocpit ,many of its type is transparent.Canopy is served as protecting and isolating pilots from noise and meteoroligical effects.It increase the vision of pilot and decrease the drag because of that it is preferred by acrobatics planes and battle planes.
Pilots are covered by canopy appropriately so that baloon canopy is started to use in order to contribute pilots vision after World War Two.
This definition which is canopy do not use to define big planes' windows or cocpit windows.
For more information :
http://www.mscsoftware.com/support/library/conf/wuc96/05a_arno.pdf
Here are the some canopy photos...
Here are the some canopy photos...
Thursday, July 29, 2010
AIRCRAFT COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS
Examine the major producers of civil and military aircraft components
Jane's Aircraft Component Manufacturers provides you with coverage of companies and organisations that provide, produce and repair components and major sub-assemblies for fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, for both the civil and military markets. Find out who is selling what to whom, where the market opportunities lie and what technical advances are being made. Country-by-country you will find comprehensive details on more than 100 aircraft currently under production, making this your indispensable market guide.
Key contents include:
•Component listings and suppliers by aircraft type
•Expert assessment of market sectors
•Seating arrangements by aircraft type
•Aircraft interior suppliers
•Component manufacturers
•Market assessments on fixtures and fittings, seating and aircraft interiors
An online subscription gives you full search capability, a minimum five-year archive and monthly updates.
Gain a clear view of the aircraft component and equipment market. Focused on the aviation sector this comprehensive resource is essential for the aircraft components industry as well as aircraft operators and maintenance houses.
Editor: Kylie Bull
For mor information visit http://catalog.janes.com/catalog/public/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.ProductInfoBrief&product_id=95918
Jane's Aircraft Component Manufacturers provides you with coverage of companies and organisations that provide, produce and repair components and major sub-assemblies for fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, for both the civil and military markets. Find out who is selling what to whom, where the market opportunities lie and what technical advances are being made. Country-by-country you will find comprehensive details on more than 100 aircraft currently under production, making this your indispensable market guide.
Key contents include:
•Component listings and suppliers by aircraft type
•Expert assessment of market sectors
•Seating arrangements by aircraft type
•Aircraft interior suppliers
•Component manufacturers
•Market assessments on fixtures and fittings, seating and aircraft interiors
An online subscription gives you full search capability, a minimum five-year archive and monthly updates.
Gain a clear view of the aircraft component and equipment market. Focused on the aviation sector this comprehensive resource is essential for the aircraft components industry as well as aircraft operators and maintenance houses.
Editor: Kylie Bull
For mor information visit http://catalog.janes.com/catalog/public/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.ProductInfoBrief&product_id=95918
LUFTHANSA CARGO CRASH
As you know,Lufthansa cargo plane crashed in flames yesterday at Riyad.The pictire of crashed cargo plane has been published.MD-11 departed from Frankfurt airport,when it was landing to Kral Halid Airport,she catched fired and her engines systems stopped for an unknown reason and then airplane crashed in to concrete of airport and divided into many parts.Fire departments were send to the disaster area urgently.Pilots were rescued without any wound.Fire departmans extinguished the fire in three hours.
And we publish these photos regrettably..
Wednesday, July 28, 2010
Pakistani plane with 152 aboard crashes
A passenger plane with at least 152 people on board crashed Wednesday as it came in to land at Islamabad, Pakistan, during heavy rain.
An official said forestry guards were reporting at least five people had been killed.
The cause of the crash was not immediately clear, said Pervez George, a civil aviation official. He said the Airblue plane was flying from Karachi to Islamabad and described the weather conditions as difficult.
"The plane was about to land at the Islamabad airport when it lost contact with the control tower, and later we learned that the plane had crashed," George said.
Guards with the forestry service said they had found some wreckage and seen some bodies, police official Mohammad Saeed said.
The army said it was sending troops to the area to help out along with helicopters.
"There were 146 passengers and six crewmen on board," Mubarik Shah, spokesman of the state-run Civil Aviation Authority, told Reuters.
The accident occurred in the rugged Margalla Hills near the Damanekoh resort.
Rescue workers were heading to the scene, but the roads were difficult.
Eyewitnesses saw the aircraft flying very low, local media reported.
"It was raining. I saw the plane flying very low from the window of my office," witness Khadim Hussain said.
NDTV of India reported that the rescue helicopters had reached the crash site and that thick black smoke could be seen rising from wreckage.
Pakistani media reported that thick fog was likely to impede rescue and relief operations.
An emergency has been declared at all hospitals in Islamabad, local media reported.
The Margalla Hills surround the northeast area of the capital city, said Xinhua news agency.
There are anti-aircraft guns and many Pakistani troop checkpoints in some areas of the hills due to security concerns.
The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.
An official said forestry guards were reporting at least five people had been killed.
The cause of the crash was not immediately clear, said Pervez George, a civil aviation official. He said the Airblue plane was flying from Karachi to Islamabad and described the weather conditions as difficult.
"The plane was about to land at the Islamabad airport when it lost contact with the control tower, and later we learned that the plane had crashed," George said.
Guards with the forestry service said they had found some wreckage and seen some bodies, police official Mohammad Saeed said.
The army said it was sending troops to the area to help out along with helicopters.
"There were 146 passengers and six crewmen on board," Mubarik Shah, spokesman of the state-run Civil Aviation Authority, told Reuters.
The accident occurred in the rugged Margalla Hills near the Damanekoh resort.
Rescue workers were heading to the scene, but the roads were difficult.
Eyewitnesses saw the aircraft flying very low, local media reported.
"It was raining. I saw the plane flying very low from the window of my office," witness Khadim Hussain said.
NDTV of India reported that the rescue helicopters had reached the crash site and that thick black smoke could be seen rising from wreckage.
Pakistani media reported that thick fog was likely to impede rescue and relief operations.
An emergency has been declared at all hospitals in Islamabad, local media reported.
The Margalla Hills surround the northeast area of the capital city, said Xinhua news agency.
There are anti-aircraft guns and many Pakistani troop checkpoints in some areas of the hills due to security concerns.
The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.
TESTING HEAT EXCHANGERS
TESTING HEAT EXCHANGERS
If we want to test heat exchangers we should build testing rooms to cover compressor,tank,adapter which are necessary for testing but also air dryer,filter and utilizing from a bybass line are beneficial for our testing systems in order to raise our air qualities.
Air quality is a vital part of our testings because air quality effects heat exchanger tests directly.We desire to clean heat exchangers with using air if air which we use for the process has some particules can plug our heat exchangers and it may cause some damages on it.To avoid this we should use filter by progressive stages.The first filter can detain more bigger molecules such as dust and the second one protect the systems from more smaller particles such as odors,micromolecules.
We can suppy heat exchangers with using compressor in order to produce enough air to clean it directly.But it is not efficent way because air which is supplied from compressor directly can have variable both flow and output to avoid this problem we can put a tank after the compressor enables us steady flow for the accurate testing.Reserving enough space to operate compressor properly is a important point,we should be informed by the producer of compressor which we have used.Making enough space to operate compressor also is a vital part of maintanence of its.When maintenance time of compressor comes,workers will need to enough space to avoid bug and to protect them from injury accidents.
Ducts should be adequate to carry enough air to the heat exchangers’ adapters which must withstand appropriate pressures.If does not,it may cause some injury accidents.It is also provided from manufacturers.
Good perfomance is dependent on a good installation.Even the best machines will only perform well if they have been properly installed.A poor installation can affect machine performance.It can also create costly service problems.
A good installation requires proper planning procedures which is presented clause by clause at below.
• Do you have enough space in your compressor room?
• Have you made provision for adequate ventilation?
• Do you have the right dimensions fort he air intake ducting?
• Does the air provide adequate flow rate?
• Have you made provision for a proper condensate drain system?
• Are the power supply cables of the right sizes?
• Are the main fuses of correct size?
• Does the compressed air delivery piping have the right dimensions
Finally, it is important to analyse these types of issues with regard to current as well as future requirements.It is then possible to design an installation offering sufficiently flexibility.
If we want to test heat exchangers we should build testing rooms to cover compressor,tank,adapter which are necessary for testing but also air dryer,filter and utilizing from a bybass line are beneficial for our testing systems in order to raise our air qualities.
Air quality is a vital part of our testings because air quality effects heat exchanger tests directly.We desire to clean heat exchangers with using air if air which we use for the process has some particules can plug our heat exchangers and it may cause some damages on it.To avoid this we should use filter by progressive stages.The first filter can detain more bigger molecules such as dust and the second one protect the systems from more smaller particles such as odors,micromolecules.
We can suppy heat exchangers with using compressor in order to produce enough air to clean it directly.But it is not efficent way because air which is supplied from compressor directly can have variable both flow and output to avoid this problem we can put a tank after the compressor enables us steady flow for the accurate testing.Reserving enough space to operate compressor properly is a important point,we should be informed by the producer of compressor which we have used.Making enough space to operate compressor also is a vital part of maintanence of its.When maintenance time of compressor comes,workers will need to enough space to avoid bug and to protect them from injury accidents.
Ducts should be adequate to carry enough air to the heat exchangers’ adapters which must withstand appropriate pressures.If does not,it may cause some injury accidents.It is also provided from manufacturers.
Good perfomance is dependent on a good installation.Even the best machines will only perform well if they have been properly installed.A poor installation can affect machine performance.It can also create costly service problems.
A good installation requires proper planning procedures which is presented clause by clause at below.
• Do you have enough space in your compressor room?
• Have you made provision for adequate ventilation?
• Do you have the right dimensions fort he air intake ducting?
• Does the air provide adequate flow rate?
• Have you made provision for a proper condensate drain system?
• Are the power supply cables of the right sizes?
• Are the main fuses of correct size?
• Does the compressed air delivery piping have the right dimensions
Finally, it is important to analyse these types of issues with regard to current as well as future requirements.It is then possible to design an installation offering sufficiently flexibility.
Monday, July 26, 2010
HEAT EXCHANGER
I am working on heat exchagers on these days,accordingly I want to write about one of the important parts of airplanes which is called heat exchangers.
Generally,a heat exchanger is a device that is used for transfer of thermal energy between two or more fluids,between a solid surface and a fluid at differing temperaturses and in thermal contact,usually without external heat and work interactions.
Heat exchagers may be classified according to transfer process,construction,flow arragement,surface compactness,number of fluids and heat transfer mechanisms or according to process functions.
In the light of these information about heat exchangers we can think that it can be served the heating and cooling the air as using in the airplane.Where is the enough flow, especially air, produced to the heatexchangers to balance the heat? The answer is below.
Heat exchanger has a core assembly with two welded pan assemblies.The core assembly has bleed air fins and cooling air fins that are separated by plates to form hot and cold air passages that run perpendicular to each other through the heat exchanger.Sucking the ram air from the ducts of airplane located at below of the fuselage as shown above and flow comes to the primary heat exchanger that is the cold air which is used to cold enough the flow coming from the engine. After this process,the flow is send to the secondary heat exchanger and this process are repeated there to suppy quality air to the cockpit and passengers.Distrubition of this air is done by air cycling machine.This is the another componet of airplanes.
As a result,heat exchangers are served to decrease temperatures to the adequate values.This type of heat exchanger means air-to-air which is used the exchange of heat through the fins decreases the temperature of hot bleed air.
We think,the first part is the hardest part of a job,considering this issue,we have started to write down because of sharing our experinces and informations which are all about aviation.May it bring good luck!
787 versus 380
At present day the most important news in aviation sector are the presentation of Boeing 787 Dreamliner.Why does this airplane become such some much importance?Let's join to seek the answer of this question together with avoiding going into so many details to make every peope getting something from our writings.
First of all,Airbus A380 with 800 passengers capacity have had an importance seat in aviation sector.But both avionic and adaptation problems to cold weathers overshadowed its reputation when A380 was introduced to the world.
After these bad days,all riggings choosed from solid state to enhace the reliability.The total wires lenght in A380 are enough to turn around world five times.A380 went down the history as all hydralulic parts are directed from computer systems.
A380 and B787 are displaying the difference between Airbus and Boeing depending on the producting philosophy.Airbus desires to gain profit with huge capacities but Boeing wants to make B787 light so that he can gain profit transporting people from place to another in comfort.
On this way,Boeing changed fuselages of 787 contents from mixture of aluminuim and copper to composite carbonfiber.They produced fuselages with using carbonfiber immensely because of that they reduced the weight of 787 .Due to using light materials,they produced more lighter aircraft than its peers so that they invented the most environment-friendly commercial airplane in the world.It will bring the economics of large jet transports to the middle of the market,using 20 percent less fuel than any other airplane of its size as quoted offical Boeing web site.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)